Viluppuram District
Gender Development Index (GDI)
Demography Health and Nutrition
Tamil Nadu Area health care project
Viluppuram District lies between 11 38' 25" N and 12 20' 44" S: 78 15' 00" W and 79 42' 55" E with an area of 7222.03 Hec. It was carved out from the South Arcot District on 30.09.1993 and was rehristened as Viluppuram District. The residual part of the erstwhile South Arcot district was named as Cuddalore District.
It is surrounded on East and South by Cuddalore District. The West by Salem and Dharmapuri District and on the North by Thiruvannamalai and Kanchipuram District.
At present Vilupuram district comprises of 1490 Revenue Villages, 4 Revenue Divisions, 9 Administrative Taluks, 22 Blocks, 15 Town Panchayat Unions, 1104 Village Panchayats and 3 Municipalities.
The General geological formation of the District appears to be simple. The greater part of it is covered by the Metamorphic rocks belonging to Genesis family. There are also three great groups of sedimentary rocks belonging to different geological periods. The Kalrayan Hills in the North represents a continuous range of hills covered with some thorny forests and vegetation. Among the hills, the most beautiful part of the district lies, round about the Gingee Hills.
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Smt. Muthumeenal, Project Officer District Rural Development Agency II Floor, Collectorate Viluppuram-605602 Phone : 04146-223432,222481(O), 223629(R) Email : drdavpm@nic.in |
| Sl.No. | Photo | Name | Period |
| 1 |  |
Shri Ashok Vardhan Shetty, IAS | 30-09-93 to 15-11-94 |
| 2. |  |
Shri Ashok Kumar Gupta, IAS | 18-11-94 to 01-06-96 |
| 3. |  |
Shri K Ramalingam, IAS | 01-06-96 to 09-09-96 |
| 4. |  |
Shri Praveen Kumar, IAS | 18-09-96 to 06-12-97 |
| 5. |  |
Shri Atulya Mishra, IAS | 07-12-97 to 22-12-98 |
| 6. |  |
Shri Paramsith Sindh Sidhu, IAS | 23-12-98 to 17-09-99 |
| 7. |  |
Shri Vibu Nair, IAS | 17-09-99 to 24-04-2000 |
| 8. |  |
Shri Thangaswamy, IAS | 24-04-2000 to 13-07-2000 |
| 9. |  |
Shri T.K. Ramachandran, IAS | 30-07-2000 to 09-06-01 |
| 10. |  |
Shri A. Mohmed Aslam, IAS | 10-06-01 to 18-07-03 |
| 11. |  |
Dr. K. Gopal, IAS | 20-07-03 to 31-05-04 |
| 12. |  |
Thiru Ka. Balachandran, IAS | 07-06-04 to 12-05-06 |
| 13. |  |
Thiru Ashish Chatterjee, IAS | 25-05-06 to 09-11-06 |
| 14. |  |
Shri Brajendra Navnit, IAS | 13.12.06 to 10.06.08 |
| 15. |  |
Dr. R. Palaniswamy, IAS | 11.06.08 to 03.06.11 |
| 16. |  |
Tmt. C. T. Manimekalai, IAS |
04.06.11 to 24.01.12 |
The climate of Viluppuram District is fairly dry and on the whole healthy. The temperature is moderate.
Viluppuram district has a total population of 2960373 ( as per 2001 Census), of which males account for 1492442 and females account for 1467931. The Urban population according to 2001 census is 426917 and Rural population is 2533456. The density of population of the district per sq. km. is 410. The people are primarily agrarian.
| Year | Total |
Male |
Female |
| 1991 | 2755674 | 1403434 | 1352240 |
| 2001 | 2960373 | 1492442 | 1467931 |
Sex Ratio (No of females per 1000 Males)
| Year | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 |
| Viluppuram | 972 | 967 | 985 |
| State | 977 | 974 | 1058 |
The sex ratio of Viluppuram district has improved from 967 to 985 between 1991 and 2001. This shows an improvement in the sex ratio.
According to 2001 census the district population is approximately 29.60 Lakhs as opposed to 27.56 Lakhs in 1991 census. The sex ratio works out to 985 in 2001 as against 967 in 1991.
The total population as per 2001 census in 2960373 as against the 1991 census total population of 2755674, Which shows a growth rate of 7.43% over the decade.
| Sl.No | Indicators | 1991 | 2001 |
| 1 | Population (in"000") | 2756 | 2960 |
| 2 | Density per SQ.KM | 380 | 406 |
| 3 | Sex Ratio (No. Of females per 1000 Males) | 967 | 985 |
| Sl.No. | Name of the Taluk | Total Population | SC Population | ST Population | |||||||
| Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | |||
1. |
Viluppuram | U | 60513 | 59170 | 119683 | 7442 | 7630 | 15072 | 207 | 209 | 416 |
| R | 248723 | 243982 | 492705 | 69556 | 69364 | 138920 | 1910 | 1884 | 3794 | ||
| T | 309236 | 303152 | 612388 | 76998 | 76994 | 153992 | 2117 | 2093 | 4210 | ||
| 2 | Gingee | U | 13863 | 13526 | 27389 | 2352 | 2211 | 4563 | 130 | 133 | 263 |
| R | 173616 | 173233 | 346849 | 35468 | 35355 | 70823 | 3458 | 3487 | 6945 | ||
| T | 187479 | 186759 | 374238 | 37820 | 37566 | 75386 | 3588 | 3620 | 7208 | ||
| 3 | Tindivanam | U | 43597 | 43279 | 86876 | 8427 | 8471 | 16898 | 197 | 206 | 403 |
| R | 163780 | 162485 | 326265 | 55732 | 55481 | 111213 | 2259 | 2299 | 4558 | ||
| T | 207377 | 205764 | 413141 | 64159 | 63952 | 128111 | 2456 | 2505 | 4961 | ||
| 4 | Vanur | U | 12128 | 11947 | 24075 | 1414 | 1433 | 2847 | 50 | 47 | 97 |
| R | 72740 | 69752 | 142492 | 25655 | 24685 | 50340 | 794 | 818 | 1612 | ||
| T | 84868 | 81699 | 166567 | 27069 | 26118 | 53187 | 844 | 865 | 1709 | ||
| 5 | Tirukkovilur | U | 23675 | 23910 | 47585 | 3722 | 3832 | 7554 | 166 | 185 | 351 |
| R | 164888 | 161048 | 325936 | 49223 | 47801 | 97024 | 1143 | 1154 | 2297 | ||
| T | 188563 | 184958 | 373521 | 52945 | 51633 | 104578 | 1309 | 1339 | 2648 | ||
| 6 | Sankarapuram | U | 6241 | 6022 | 12263 | 947 | 936 | 1883 | 92 | 78 | 170 |
| R | 166368 | 162044 | 328412 | 42311 | 40610 | 82921 | 21187 | 20467 | 41654 | ||
| T | 172609 | 168066 | 340675 | 43258 | 41546 | 84804 | 21279 | 20545 | 41824 | ||
| 7 | Kallakkurichi | U | 45294 | 44494 | 89788 | 8949 | 8920 | 17869 | 292 | 219 | 511 |
| R | 149425 | 146037 | 295462 | 54751 | 53394 | 108145 | 162 | 157 | 319 | ||
| T | 194719 | 190531 | 385250 | 63700 | 62314 | 126014 | 454 | 376 | 830 | ||
| 8 | Ulundurpettai | U | 9716 | 9542 | 19258 | 1896 | 1908 | 3804 | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| R | 137875 | 137460 | 275335 | 40389 | 40666 | 81055 | 236 | 272 | 508 | ||
| T | 147591 | 147002 | 294593 | 42285 | 42574 | 84859 | 247 | 283 | 530 | ||
| Sl.No | Religion |
Persons in District | Persons in Tamail Nadu |
Percent to Total in | |
| District | Tamil Nadu | ||||
| 1 | Hindu | 2726949 | 54985079 | 92.12 | 88.11 |
| 2 | Christian | 115745 | 3785060 | 3.91 | 6.07 |
| 3 | Musilim | 110120 | 3470647 | 3.72 | 5.56 |
| 4 | Jain | 5092 | 83359 | 0.17 | 0.13 |
| 5 | Sikh | 343 | 9545 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| 6 | Buddhist | 193 | 5393 | 0.01 | - |
| 7 | Other Religions | 142 | 7252 | - | 0.01 |
| 8 | Religions not stated | 1789 | 59344 | 0.06 | 0.10 |
| Total Population | 2960373 | 62405679 | 100 | 100 | |
Migration is another variable that impacts population levels.
| Year | Total Population | Rural | Urban |
| 1991 | 2755674 | 2549211 | 206463 |
| 2001 | 2960373 | 2533456 | 426917 |
The above table shows migration from rural to urban areas. It may be due to the better expected opportunities for livelihood, education, marriage etc., Rural Urban migration results in shelter and environmental problems and associated problems such as worsening living conditions urban crowding.
Gender Development Index (GDI)
The GDI is a summary measure, which has been found to be useful in comparing stages of Gender development. It is also useful to compare GDI and HDI to access the Gender of equality.
| District/State/Country | HDI Value | GDI Value |
| Viluppuram | 0.587 | 0.582 |
| State | 0.657 | 0.654 |
| INDIA | 0.571 | 0.553 |
The GDI for Viluppuram district is 0.582 as against the Tamil Nadu value of 0.654. The Gender Development Index Values for the district in Tamil Nadu vary from 0.766 to 0.582 in which GDI for Viluppuram district stands the last.
The GDI rank is less than the HDI rank in Viluppuram district and shows that women in the district suffer lower achievement than men.
In Viluppuram District 21 Hospitals are functioning to look after the Health and Family welfare of the people. Out of this 10 Hospitals come under allopathy, 9 under Siddha and 2 under Homeopathy, with staff strength of 140 Doctors, 149 Nurses and 279 Technical persons. The Network also includes 2 Allopathy dispensaries, 1 Siddha dispensary, 80 Primary health centres and 557 Health sub-centres. One mobile medical team fulfils the medical need of the people of Kalvarayan Hills.
Demography Health and Nutrition
This chapter documents the demographic Health and nutrition status of Viluppuram district. It analysis the trends and changes in health and nutritional indicators in the district the effectiveness of Government policies and program's and the role that social norms and culture play in influencing health out comes.
| i | Birth | 56291 | |
| ii | Death | 19141 | |
| iii | Infant Death | 1481 | |
| iv | Birth Rate (Per 1000) | Rural | 18.1 |
| Urban | 14.9 | ||
| Total | 17.9 | ||
| 1 | Rural | 6.1 |
| 2. | Urban | 5.9 |
| 3. | Combined | 6.0 |
Infant Mortality Rate for Viluppuram district is 26.3 as against the state figure of 51. Comparing with state figure there is a positive impact on improving the Infant Mortality rate.
Tamil Nadu Area health care project
This project (TNHCP) funded by Danich International Development Agency has been in existence since 1981. During its two phases from 1981 -1996 the project covered in Viluppuram District. The object of the project is to improve the heath and family welfare status of the Rural Population especially the weaker sections with a focus on women and children.
In Viluppuram District the Noon Meal Programme feeds a populations of over 657335 nearly everyday by serving a hot rice meal cooked under spot. Under the Noon Meal Programme 72 ICDS, 1790 TINP and 2167 PMGR centres and functioning.
Anther initiative which was picked up considerably in Viluppuram district and which can have a positive impact on overall child care and nutrition is the establishment of women's self-help groups (SHGs)
LITERACY AND EDUCATION:
School education facilities are available in this district through 1777 primary schools ( including nursery schools) 311 Middle schools, 150 High Schools, 100 Higher Sechoondary Schools. Regarding higher education Arts Colleges, engineering Colleges, Poly-Techniques, Industrial Training Institute and Teacher Training Institutes are available in this district. The Government has run hostels for boys and girls for SC., ST., MBC and Backward classes.
The Literacy rate of Viluppuram District is 64.7% Compared to the State figure of 73.47% in the year 2001.
DISTRICT
| Year | 1991 | 2001 |
| Male | 60.9 | 75.5 |
| Female | 35.4 | 52.5 |
| Combined | 48.4 | 64.7 |
STATE
| Year | 1991 | 2001 |
| Male | 73.7 | 82.3 |
| Female | 51.8 | 64.5 |
| Combined | 62.7 | 73.5 |
While the overall literacy rate has gone up from 48.4% in 1991 to 64.7% in 2001, the male literacy rate has increased from 60.9 to 70.5% what is encouraging is that the female literacy rate has gone up by more than 17% points from 35.4 in 1991 to 52.5 in 2001.
The District level Variations in Gender Education Ration (GER) for primary classes in Viluppuram district is 85.86% for the year 1998-1999. The GER for girls is below 90% in Viluppuram district. The gender differential is most visible in Viluppuram District.
Area, Population and Literate - Sex-wise by Taluks
| Sl. No. | Name of the Taluk | Population |
Literacy Rate |
||||
Persons |
Male |
Female |
Persons |
Male |
Female |
||
| 1. | Viluppuram | 612388 | 309236 | 303152 | 71.69 | 81.98 | 61.21 |
| 2. | Tindivanam | 413141 | 207377 | 205764 | 67.55 | 78.26 | 56.77 |
| 3. | Gingee | 374238 | 187479 | 186759 | 64.76 | 76.40 | 53.07 |
| 4. | Vanur | 166567 | 84868 | 81699 | 69.64 | 79.54 | 59.32 |
| 5. | Thirukoilur | 373521 | 188563 | 184958 | 62.70 | 74.69 | 50.48 |
| 6. | Ulundurpet | 294593 | 147591 | 147002 | 58.81 | 72.15 | 45.46 |
| 7. | Kallakurichi | 385250 | 194719 | 190531 | 63.13 | 75.39 | 50.67 |
| 8. | Sankarapuram | 340675 | 172609 | 168066 | 54.78 | 65.76 | 43.53 |
| Total | 2960373 | 1492442 | 1467931 | 64.13 | 75.52 | 52.56 | |
The sixth Educational Survey gives details of district wise retention:
In the survey the percentage of enrolment in class 5th as a percentage of class I enrolment in Viluppuram district the Male-Female gap is quiet significant.
| Name of District | Completion Rate | Drop out Rate | Percentage Repeaters |
| Viluppuram | 56.44 | 17.95 | 25.61 |
| DPEP Districts Avearge | 55.01 | 17.57 | 27.41 |
The pupil - teacher ratio in Viluppuram district is 41, whereas the overall ratio for the state is 38.
The dropout rate for the state is 35.23% whereas in Viluppuram district the highest dropout rates is recorded as 40.39%. The variation is (+) 5.16% which is alarming.
In Middle Schools the pupil teacher ratio is 57 in Viluppuram District as against the state ratio of 42.22.
Female Literacy Enrolment Poverty and Gender Gap
| District/State | Female Literacy% | GER Boys | GER Girls |
% of Population below Poverty Line |
| Viluppuram | 39.7 | 76.7 | 64.4 | 50.9 |
| State | 51.0 | 69.9 | 63.0 | 31.7 |
In the above the correlation between Gender Education Ratio (GER) at high school level, female literacy and poverty has been analyzed. The poverty has a CROPS.
Viluppuram district is developing in the industrial sector. The Sugar industry is the major industry in the district. There are 4 sugar factories at Mundiyampakkam, Periasevalai, Kacharapalliyam, Mungailthuraipattu. In the area of small schale industries there are 67 Rice mills, 17 Sago factories 5 Rice bran oil extracting units and 8 Cotton Ginning Mills. Besides this mineral water, ceramics, automobile workshop are also running in the district.
Major minerals produced, in the district includes Black granite, Blue metals, River sand etc. There is no Industrial estate in the district and when compared to the population the industrial establishments are quite inadequate to meet out the job requirement of the educated youth.
In Viluppuram district about 34 Handloom weavers co-operative societies are existing. Out of which only 26 societies are functioning, besides 2000 individual weavers are engaging in this sector and produce silk sarees and cotton lungies. Now the societies and weavers are facing the problem of accumulated stock, high cost of production, competition from power look sector and they remained idle for most of the days.
There are 17 regulated markets functions in this district. Besides there are 6 marketing societies, 231 PACBS, 3 formers' service societies and 3 large sized adivasi multi-purpose societies (LAMPS) functioning in the district providing Marketing support.
Out of the total power consumed in the district about 57% goes to agriculture, about 9% goes to industry and 11% goes to domestic purposes. Besides, public works and public lighting consumed about 3.8%.
There is no power Generation by Electricity Board in Viluppuram district. But the Electricity Board purchased power from two private power units located at Panchalam. There are 48 transformers distributing the electricity to the urban and rural areas.
Viluppuram district is having 44 police stations, 3 out posts and 2217 police personnel's to maintain law and order. In 2002-03, 7260 cases are registered under various category. during the 40 cases are registered against women harassment and dowry. In the total available 6 sub jails 978 male and 65 female convicts have jailed. During this year 2737 accidents had occurred in which 2844 persons are injured and 661 persons lost their life.
Viluppuram District is adequately served by a network of roads and railways. There are travelers and inspection bungalows and Guest Houses maintained by the Government Departments and municipalities. There is no airport in this district.
| Cement Concrete | Bituminous | Water Bound Macadam | Total | Unsurfaced Roads | Grand Total |
| 193.486 | 5504.007 | 464.626 | 6162.119 | 2278.262 | 8440.381 |
The district headquarters Viluppuram is well connected by the rail network. Viluppuram is a junction through which following routes are passing.
| Viluppuram - Trichy chord line (Under Electrification) | B.G |
| Viluppuram - Kadpadi (under progress) | B.G |
| Viluppuram - Pondicherry | B.G |
| Chennai - Trichy main line (Electrified: Viluppuram-Tambaram) | B.G |
| Viluppuram - Egmore (Electrified) | B.G |
Besides, there is Cuddalore - Salem line passing through Chinnasalem. The approximate railway lines in the district is 180 Kms. Out of 8 Taluks of the district except three Taluks namely Gingee, Vanur and Sankarapuram, the remaining five Taluks are connected by railways.
| Sl.No. | Subject |
Number |
| 1. | Post office doing Postal business only | 318 |
| 2. | Post office doing Post & Telegraph business | 12 |
| 3. | Telegraph office | 3 |
| 4. | Telephone Exchange | 55 |
| 5. | Telephones in use | 76037 |
| 6. | Public call office | 7850 |
The rivers in the district are not perennial. The Pennaiyar is the principal river and the other important rivers are Komugi, Manimuktha, Kedilam, Malattar, Sankaraparani and Varaganathi. The major source of irrigation are by tube wells and open dugwells. The river irrigation account for less than 4.3% of total irrigated area. The district largely depend on ground water, lakes and tanks for irrigation.
The district does not get heavy rainfall with the exception of Marakanam and Vanur Blocks, while in Kandamangalam and Koliyaur blocks, the rainfall is moderate it is scarcity in Kallakurichi and Sankarapuram.
The actual total rainfall for the year 2002-03 is 617.4mm against 1030 mm of normal rainfall. The percentage of deviation is (-) 38.9 mm.
The chief food crops of Viluppuram district are paddy, Cholam, Ragi, Cumbu, Redgram. Blackgram, Horsegram and Varage. The chief cash crops are Sugarcane, Groundnut, Cotton, Casurina and Coconut.
Viluppuram district has a coastal length of about 32 kms in Vanur and Marakanam blocks in Bay of Bengal. There are about 19 landing places by active fishermen population of 2986. There are fishermen co-operatives societies, fisher women co-operative societies and inland fishermen co-operative societies functioning in the district. There is one fish net making unit in Vanur Block.
There are about 18 brackish water acquaculture forms in the district. The scope for inland fisheries in the district is limited. Inland fishing is mostly carried on tanks and reservoirs owned by PWD.
Sericulture is being under taken in Addukam, Avalurpet, Manandal, Athipattu, Kolappalur, Kanai, Kedar, Olakkur, Melvalai, Sembiama Devi and Chinnasalem. Department supplies disease free silkworm eggs to the farmers and provide training to them in mulberry cultivation and rearing of cocoons.
Marketing of cocoon is not a problem since the Department itself purchase all the cocoon and any cocoons remains could be taken to Kanakapura in Karnataka by the farmers. The Department has constructed a cold storage to keep the eggs. At present eggs are procured from Trichy, Vaniyambodi, Krishnagiri, Salem, Keelpenathur and Coimbatore. Self help Group have been involved in this sector also.
Viluppuram district has many famous shrines. The following are the important temples of the district.
1. Sri. Thiruvikirama Swamy Temple at Tirukoilur.
2. Sri. Murugan Tample at Mailam.
3. Sri. Vakirakaliamman Tample at Tiruvakkaria near Tindivanam.
4. Sri. Singavaram Perumal Tample at Gingee.
5. Sri. Jain Tample at Tirunaramkondnai near Ulundurpet.
6. Sri. Ranganathar Temple, Singavaram
7. Sri. Koothandavar Koil, Koovagam.
8. Dhabovanam, Thirukoilur.
9. Sri. Meigandeswaran Koil, Tiruvennainallur.
10. Angalaparameshwari Temple, Melmalaiayanur.
11. Thiruvakkarai Chandramolleswarar Temple, Vanur.
12. Narasinga Perumal Koil, Parikkal.
13. Lakshmi Narasimman Koil, Poovarasankuppam.